Sensation, Perception, Attention and Awareness
Outside In
- World → Transduction → Sensation → Perception
- Certain perception is favored and selected → Attention
- Sensation = picking up of raw signals
- Perception = recognition of what that is
- e.g. Phantom Limb Pains - Sensory strip is stimulated
Vision
Seeing what, seeing where? Refer to vision.
Selection
- Selective Attention Test - The Invisible Gorilla
- Cocktail Party Phenomenon
- Dichotic Listening Experiment
- Words are played in two channels, participants need to attend to one ear
- Looks like we filter out most of the content, but if the name of subject or profanity is mentioned, people can notice that.
- We’re still HEARing in the unattended ear.
- Right-handed people have a right-ear advantage tendency
- Treisman Experiment
- Participants were asked to pay attention to message one stream.
- If the message “moved” to another ear, then participants will automatically continue with the unattended ear. We do process the MEANING of the unattended speech.
- Eric Eich Experiment
- Participants were asked to pay attention to words in one stream.
- Homophone words are in this stream, e.g. pair/pear and I/eye
- The unattended message affects the spelling of the attended words by setting a context.
Self Awareness
- Exposing mirrors to animals
- 1st Stage: Treating the reflection as another member
- 2nd Stage: Habituation, ignoring its existence
- 3rd Stage: Resorting the mirror to observe itself.
- The Rouge Test - Dye on one side of ear and eye, see if the animal will touch it more frequently
Theory of Mind
- 1st/2nd/3rd order consciousness - what they are thinking about me
- Children and False Beliefs - if snoopy has never heard of our conversation, what would he think is in the box? Crayon or Candles? Children under age of 3 are not able to model the mind of others.
- Empathy
- Experimenter 1 hides the smarties in the box. Experimenter 2 approaches the box. Chimps will then laugh at the experimenter.