DB Normalization

• Proposed by Edgar F. Codd in Further Normalisation of the Data Base Relational Model
• Database normalization | Wikipedia
• Anomaly occurs, if not sufficiently normalized, see Wiki

Benefits

• Data Integrity
  • Updates happen in one place
  • Reduces risk of data inconsistencies
  • Enforces referential integrity
• Storage Efficiency
  • Eliminates redundant data
  • Smaller storage footprint
  • Better for large-scale systems
• Maintenance
  • Easier to modify schema
  • Clearer relationships
  • Better for complex queries
• Flexibility
  • Better for evolving business requirements

Trade-offs

• Query Complexity
  • More joins needed
  • Can impact read performance
  • Might need denormalization for specific use cases
• Performance vs. Consistency
  • Normalized: Better consistency, more joins
  • Denormalized: Better read performance, harder updates