Basic Principles of Photography
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Camera and Lens
- “camera obscura” == dark room
- Pinhole Principle → Pinhole Photography, only a few rays from each point of the object can pass through the pinhole.
- Lens Image: the rays are brought together by the lens
- Focal Length = the distance between the optical center of lens and the Focal Plane when the lens is focused at infinity
- Normal Focal Lens: in which the perspective looks “normal”. “Normal” or not
depends on sensor size!
- Full Frame: 50mm
- APS-C: 30mm, crop factor = x1.6
- Four Thirds: 25mm, crop factor = x2
- Wider Angle and Telephoto Lens
Sensor and Shutter
- Sensor Sizes
- Full Frame: 36x24mm, the size of 35mm film
- APS-C: 27x23
- Four Thirds: 21x17mm
- Bayer Array
- A filter covered on the sensor for capturing different lights
- 1/2 green, 1/4 blue, 1/4 red. Mimics human eyes that favor green.
- Sensors placed on the focal plane.
- Focal Plane Shutter: A set of two curtains. One moves, another follows, the slit between them allows exposure.
Shutter + Aperture = Exposure
- The slower the shutter speed, the more light introduced.
- f.Stop = Focal Length / Diameter of Lens. The larger the number, the less light allowed.
- Normal, Over, and Under exposure.